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Ankle-Brachial Index and Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity in a Mexican Population of Healthy Individuals: A Reproducibility Research Study

Grover-Paez Fernando, Ramos-Becerra Carlos G, Alanis-Sánchez Guillermo A, Ognianov-Iantchoulev Assen, Totsuka-Sutto Sylvia E, Cardona-Müller David and Cardona-Muñoz Ernesto G

Background: Ankle-brachial systolic pressure index, reflect arterial hemodynamics in lower extremity and therefore indicates the presence of peripheral arterial disease. On the other hand, an emerging method for assessing arterial stiffness is brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity. Automated devices, such as the “Vascular Profiler 1000” (VP1000) (Omron®, Kyoto, Japan), are currently available for measuring not only the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity but also the ankle-brachial index, proving their utility in the diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease.

Objective: This study assessed the agreement and reproducibility of non-invasive measurement of brachialankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and the ankle-brachial index (ABI) with the OMRON® VP1000 device, in a Mexican population of healthy individuals. Methods: The cross-sectional study was carried out in 36 healthy subjects (20 men and 16 women; average age was 20.6 ± 1.6 years, average BMI 23.5 ± 3.5 kg/m2, average waist circumference 82.5 ± 9.3 cm kg/m2) from Guadalajara, México. The baPWV and ABI were measured with the VP1000 device, and all values were expressed as the average ± SD. The correlation between the first and second measurements was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and the Bland Altman method. All p-values were two-tailed, and p<0.05 was accepted as significant.

Results: The right and left baPWV showed good correlation between the first and second measurements (r2Pearson=0.810, p<0.001 and r2 Pearson=0.831, p<0.001). The arterial ABI also showed good correlation between the first and second measurement (r2 Pearson=0.730, p<0.001 and r2 Pearson=0.599, p<0.001). The Bland-Altman plot of the first and second baPWV and ABI measurements demonstrated good agreement (mean difference -4.3 ± 39.43 cm/s and -0.0071 ± 0.43, respectively).

Conclusion: The results obtained with the OMRON® VP1000 device, demonstrate high and significant correlation, as well as good agreement, between the first and second baPWV arterial stiffness and ABI values.