ஐ.எஸ்.எஸ்.என்: 2456-3102
Noraziyah Abd Aziz Shamsudin
As somewhere else, rice development and its condition are not in any manner homogeneous all through West Malaysia. A few particular sorts as far as agro-condition relationship can be distinguished. However, when contrasted and rice development in mainland Southeast Asia, it is by all accounts satisfactory to sum up the essential qualities of Malaysia's rice development as one attempted in per humid conditions. By and large, the components deciding the hydrological states of agrarian land are various. If there should be an occurrence of downpour took care of agribusiness whose principle wellspring of water is downpour water falling legitimately upon singular homestead plots or in-situ precipitation, precipitation itself and some physical properties of the dirt identified with water maintenance may be a higher priority than others. If there should arise an occurrence of rice farming, padi land is ordinarily arranged in territories into which water falling in different places in the end streams into and will in general remain. In this way, landform becomes as significant a determinant as precipitation in influencing the hydrological states of padi land. Moreover, the sidelong development of water to and from padi land as influenced via landform could extraordinarily be altered by man's control through the development of water system and waste works
the perhumid states of Malaysian padi land will be talked about from these three perspectives. The sum and occasional conveyance of precipitation vary significantly in various pieces of West Malaysia. In a specific locale, e.g., the northwestern waterfront plain, the dry season is more articulated than in different districts. However, even there, the quantity of dry months doesn't surpass a few. This implies for nine to ten months, more than 100 mm for every month downpour falls even in the driest piece of Peninsular Malaysia. In different pieces of Peninsular Malaysia, the dry season is either shorter or less articulated than the Northwest. Rotating dry and wet months may pretty much be taken discernment of by the neighborhood individuals. In any case, its criticalness as far as rice development is significantly less in West Malaysia than in mainland Southeast Asia. In the event that the Malaysian standard for the dry time frame is applied to Central Thailand, for instance, the blustery period in the last may turn out to be just three to four months. The recorded proof in mainland Asia recommends that swamp rice development didn't really begin in the perpetually or semi-lastingly clammy swale. I t appears that the zones which get and, simultaneously, discharge water, for example, the alluvial fans, are generally liked. Recovery of the water-getting territories, for example, deltaic fields are fairly ongoing improvements followed by areal augmentation to the water-discharging regions, for example, porches and plateaux where water is incessantly hard to come by. A comparative example of improvement in swamp rice development can be found in Malaysia. The apparently most seasoned padi fields are found in the restricted valley bottoms of bumpy locales. Swamp padi may initially be developed in these stream valleys in blend with upland padi on the slant. As somewhere else, swamp padi continuously moved to the seaside marshes. These seaside marshes are especially wet in West Malaysia mostly on account of the frail advancement of alluvial fields. In numerous spots in Malaysia, the tight portion of marine residue along the coast legitimately verges on the semi-late patios with constrained fluviatile material between them
Advancement of rice cultivars which is open minded to different abiotic tresses is fundamental to improve food security. With the goal of improving grain yield (GY) under low water input (RS), three dry spell yield QTLs qDTY2.2, qDTY3.1 and qDTY12.1 had effectively pyramided into Malaysian uber assortment rice, MR219 through marker helped QTLs pyramiding (MAQP) strategy. Benefactor of the QTLs were the close isogenic lines created by International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). Three chose pyramided lines (PLs) were assessed for their yield potential under RS and non-stress (NS), and survivability under anaerobic germination, submergence and saltiness stresses. Pyramided lines created better return contrasted with beneficiary parent, MR219 in all preliminaries. PL-5 turned into the most encouraging PL as it gave a yield preferences of 461.15 kg/ha and 1360.00 kg/ha under RS and NS conditions. Under submergence stress, endurance rate (SR) of all PLs and submergence open minded check IR64-Sub1 was fundamentally unique to MR219 (exceptionally powerless to submergence ) in two assessment cycles (SS1 and SS2). Besides, non-noteworthy outcome was acquired for SR between PL-2 (80.00%) and IR64-Sub1 (86.67%) under anaerobic germination show that these PLs particularly PL-2 was competent to sprout and developing admirably under overwhelmed condition. For saltiness stress, SR of PL-68 was higher than saltiness lenient check, Nona Bokra under middle (8 dS/m) and serious (15 dS/m) saltiness levels. Recuperation score (RecS) of PL-68 was either same or higher than Nona Bokra for both saltiness levels in two assessment cycles may show a high resilience level of PL-68 under SL condition. This investigation recommends that MAQP could be a viable technique to upgrade abiotic stresses resistance in rice. Promising PLs utilized in this examination can be suggested for development in either ordinary or troublesome rice environments in Malaysia as it might help in balancing out rice creation and improving food security.