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A Comparative Study of the Hypoglycemic Effect of Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts of Myrtus communis on Alloxan Induced Diabetic Siwis Albino Mice

Issa IA and Bule MH

Diabetes mellitus is metabolic syndrome that causes disability, early death, and many other complications like neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, amputation, erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. The study was designed to evaluate anti-diabetic activity and anti-toxicity of aqueous and methanolic extracts of M. communis. The extracts were chemically screened for phytochemicals. Anti-diabetic effect of aqueous and methanolic extracts of M. communis were separately evaluated by administering these extracts orally to alloxan induced diabetic mice at single dose of 500, 750 and 1000 mg/kg body weight. On the other hand, the antitoxicity studies of the aqueous extract of M. communis indicated that the extract is non-toxic and safe.The results indicate that mean lethal dose (LD50) for aqueous extract of M. communis was 8125 mg/kg. Aqueous extract of M. communis significantly lowered mean blood glucose level of diabetic mice at dose of 500 mg/kg by 61.8% (p<0.003) on the 5th hr. In contrast the methanolic extract of M. communis also significantly lowered mean blood glucose level by 48% (P<0.00003) at 1000 mg/kg dose level. These findings of our study were in agreement with previous reports. Further investigations are recommended to identify active blood glucose lowering chemicals in these plant extracts and elucidation of their mechanism of action.