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Organophosphate Poisoning Complicated by Rhabdomyolysis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: A Case Report and Review of Literature

JB Gunasena, ST De Silva

Background: Rhabdomyolysis induced acute kidney injury (AKI) following organophosphate poisoning is a rare complication. The mechanism responsible is uncertain.
Case report: A 42 years old male was admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka after deliberate self-ingestion of Calcron^® (Profenophos, an organophosphorus pesticide). He developed rhabdomyolysis induced AKI requiring regular haemodialysis. During the hospital stay he also developed bronchopneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome, requiring intubation and ventilation. The patient improved with intravenous antibiotics and repeated renal replacement with haemodialysis. At discharge he had made a full recovery.
Conclusion: Organophosphate poisoning can rarely lead to rhabdomyolysis induced AKI. It is an adverse predictor of outcome. Clinicians should be vigilant about this complication since, with early diagnosis and aggressive treatment, a favourable outcome is possible.