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Exosomes and miRNA: New Biomarkers?

Carolina RH, Solène A, Renata TS

Exosomes are small vesicles, between 30 nm to 100 nm in size and endosomal origin, are present in a variety of biological fluids, such as plasma, urine, saliva, semen, among others. They are produced both during and pathological conditions by a variety of cell types. However, this production by tumor cells occurs in greater abundance. These vesicles are gaining visibility in oncology studies because of their ability to act at various stages of carcinogenesis and to perform cell-cell communication by transferring their content (peptides, DNA, RNAs, miRNAs and proteins). In tumor context, they also carry oncoproteins, and immunoregulatory molecules that may contribute to cancer progression (invasion and metastasis)