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The Contribution of Antioxidant Treatment on Sperm Parameters, DNA Integrity and ICSI Results

Marwa Lahimer1,2,3*, Oumaima Gherissi1, Henda Mustapha1, Samira Ibala1, Hédi Khaïri 6, Hafida Khorsi Cauet2,5, Moncef BenKhalifa2,5, Habib Ben Ali4, Mounir Ajina1,3

In the etiology of male infertility, Oxidative Stress (OS) is a major cause of semen decline. The association between OS and male infertility is well known, estimated to be present at elevated levels in as many as 30%-80% of men experiencing infertility. Spermatozoa are particularly susceptible to oxidative damage due to their high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids and limited capacity for antioxidant defense mechanisms. OS occurs when there is an imbalance between the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and the body's ability to neutralize or repair their harmful effects. Accumulating evidence suggests that OS contributes to lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and genome decay. Antioxidant treatments play a crucial role in mitigating OS by scavenging free radicals and preventing cellular damage. Effective clinical decision-making requires a thorough examination of the efficacy of antioxidant components. It is crucial to thoroughly assess the effectiveness of these antioxidant components such as L-carnitine, L-glutathione, Coenzyme Q10, selenium, and zinc for enhancing male fertility. Ongoing research consistently supports the clinical efficacy and impact of each individual antioxidant component. The aim of this study is to review the contribution of antioxidant supplements on improving semen parameters such as sperm volume, motility, concentration, morphology, DNA integrity (including maturity and DNA fragmentation), and Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) outcomes.