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Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and the Pattern of Thyroid Dysfunction among North Coastal Andhra Population

Barla Krishna

Introduction: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing worldwide with distinct evidence of high prevalence in southern countries including India. Recent evidence suggests thyroid dysfunction primarily subclinical hypothyroidism has been prevalent in the general population. Studies show both metabolic syndrome and thyroid dysfunctions are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Hence estimating the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and thyroid dysfunction in the study population may help to take preventive measures to decrease the complications of non-communicable diseases.

Aim: To estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and to observe the pattern of hypothyroidism among the north coastal Andhra population.

Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 925 patients attending the outpatient department of the GVP Medical College, Visakhapatnam, from the North coastal area. Blood pressure and anthropometric measures were taken. Blood glucose, lipid profile and thyroid profile were measured using fasting blood samples.

Result: Among the 925 subjects screened for metabolic syndrome 356 (38%) had metabolic syndrome. Overt hypothyroidism was found in 4.3%, subclinical hypothyroidism (TSH 5.5-10 mIU/L) was observed in 25.3%, (TSH above 10 mIU/L) in 26.4%, hyperthyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism was found in 0.9% and 2.2% respectively.

Conclusion: Our study showed a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome and subclinical hypothyroidism among the study population. Hence the study suggests assessing the metabolic components and thyroid profile as a routine analysis in the study area. The association of components of metabolic syndrome, dietary pattern and measurement of ant TPO (Thyroid peroxidase) antibodies among the study population has to be studied to protect them from complications of diabetes and thyroid disease.