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திறந்த அணுகல்

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New Dimensions in Predicting Sperm Retrieval in Men with Non-Obstructive Azoospermia: A Mini-Review on MR Spectroscopy and Diffusion Imaging

Ahmed Ragab*, Wael Zohdy

This mini-review discusses the value of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and Diffusion-Weighed Imaging (DWI) in prediction of Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE) outcome and testicular histopathology in men with Non-Obstructive Azoospermia (NOA). Intra-testicular signal levels such as Choline (Cho), Lipids, Creatine (Cr), Myo-Inositol (MI) as well as diffusion parameters mainly the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) will be compared against the previously mentioned outcome measures. The review will cover the points of strength, weakness and opportunities in this field. It will propose recommendations in order to enhance the current practice and refine the evidence.