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Immuno-oncology Medicines' Paradoxical function in Osteosarcoma

Akira Takahashi

Osteosarcoma is a bone tumour that is extremely rare. Multi-agent chemotherapy and full surgical resection are used to treat the cancer. The chance of recurrence is substantial, even when multi-agent treatment is used. Since the 1980s, survival rates for patients with osteosarcoma have remained unchanged. There has been interest in adding immunotherapies to upfront curative purpose chemotherapy, such as mifamurtide (a macrophage activator) and interferon, based on biologic justification. However, the outcomes have been underwhelming thus far. Checkpoint inhibitors alone have not been shown to be useful in the metastatic scenario.