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Health and Disease: The Human Gut Microbiome

Ella Edward

The number of bacterial cells in the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) outnumbers the number of cells in the host by a factor of ten, and the genes encoded by the bacteria in the GIT exceeds the genes in the host by more than 100 times. The gut microbiome refers to the bacteria that live in the human digestive tract. Extensive study has been conducted on the human gut microbiome and its significance in health and disease, demonstrating its importance in human metabolism, nutrition, physiology, and immunological function. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have been related to an imbalance of the normal gut microbiota, as well as larger systemic manifestations of disease such obesity, type 2 diabetes, and atopy