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Genetic Study for Selection and Characterization of Phosphorus Efficient Soybean Genotypes

Samadder M, Nath UK and Malek MA

Soybean is one of the most important leguminous crops. Low phosphorus (P) availability is a major constraint to soybean growth and production. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that there was significant variation for all the traits. Days to germination, days to flowering, plant height at 1st flowering, days to pod setting, no. of cluster plant-1, no. of pods cluster-1, leaf area index (LAI), tap root length, tap root diameter, yield plant-1 were highly heritable and number of seeds pod-1 showed medium heritability. Genotype-environment interaction was showed that environment 1 (with P-fertilizer) was more suitable for all these genotypes except SBM-17 that was suitable for cultivation in environment 2 (without P-fertilizer). The highest P-absorption rate was found in Binasoybean3 in both environmental conditions. The lowest P-absorption rate was found in SBM-22 in 1 (with P-fertilizer) and SBM-15 in environment 2 (without P-fertilizer). All variety had higher yield in environment 1 compare to environment 2. But, SBM-17 had higher yield in environment 2 than environment 1. Therefore, it was concluded that short root length and thick root diameter were important traits for phosphorus efficiency and SBM-17 and AVRDC-73 considered as phosphorus efficient genotypes. These root traits may be used for more efficient screening for P-efficient genotype or these traits could be tagged with appropriate molecular markers and then incorporated into other varieties through MAS or transgenic approaches.