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Emerging Treatment Options Utilizing Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cells

Megan Brafford May and Melissa Olsommer

Malignant cells produce specific tumor antigen receptors (TAAs), which can be engineered to be recognized by a patient’s own T-cells through the expression of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). These CAR-T cells represent the latest product of adoptive cellular immunotherapy (ACI). In particular, the engineering of CAR-T cells has been most successful to date in the targeting of CD-19 B-cell associated hematologic malignancies. This review focuses on a general review of the engineering process of CAR-T, difference between the various generations, treatment options, and associated toxicities. To date, most of the literature regarding CAR-T cells is directed towards CD19 to treat Bcell malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and non-Hodgkin lymphomas.