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Current Trends in Fungal Genomics and Biology

Clint Magill

The deliberate decision in the early 1940s to use Neurospora crassa in the Nobel Prize winning work that demonstrated an association between genes and enzymes initiated an avalanche of research now known as Molecular Genetics. Among the reasons Beadle and Tatum chose a fungus for that seminal work included the facts that while Neurospora is a eukaryote, it can be rapidly propagated from asexual conidia or mycelial fragments, with each culture providing millions of genetically identical haploid nuclei. Further, strains of opposite mating type can readily be crossed in order to analyze the inheritance pattern of mutant traits. When added to the fact that many fungi are pathogenic to plants and animals and contain much less DNA per genome than higher eukaryotes, it is somewhat surprising that the only fungal genome sequenced before the human genome was released in 2001 was that from a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae However, as rapid developments in technology have greatly reduced the expense of sequencing, fungal genomics has literally exploded. As of this writing, 353 fungal and 20 oomycete species are listed in the ‘genome completed’ section of The National Center for Biologic Information (NCBI). A ‘1,000’ Fungal Genomes Project initiated at the end of 2010.