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All Roads Lead to Rome: Complexity of Signalling Pathways in Cancer

Trupti Togar, Usha Patel, Srikanthi Ramachandrula, Narendra Chirmule

The complexity of signalling pathways in cancers is often responsible for the failure of therapy or the emergence of therapy resistance. Cancer can no longer be viewed as an outcome of one driver gene, as multiple factors are involved. Activation of oncogenic signalling pathways can provide answers regarding disease pathogenesis. The cross-talk between signalling pathways, network re-wiring, feedback mechanisms, and gene redundancy functions are major contributors to therapy resistance which need to be considered to predict effective therapy. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of the intricacies of 9 signalling pathways commonly found to be deregulated in several cancer types.