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6α-Acetoxy-7α-Hydroxy-Vouacapan Isolated from Pterodon pubescens Benth. Fruit’s with Selective Activity against Prostate Cancer Cell Line: Artifact or Natural Product?

Lloret FC, Santos CCJ, Medina LS, Queiroz NCA, Sousa IMO, Ruiz ALTG, Carvalho JE and Foglio MA

Challenges encountered in standardization of plant-derived drugs involves the determination of many parameters that implies quality control methods throughout the entire process from growing conditions to the final product. This study highlights the complexity of factors involved in the production of secondary metabolites in plants. Compound 6α-acetoxy-7α-hydroxy-vouacapan Isolated from Pterodon pubescens Benth. (Fabeacea) fruit dichloromethane extract, with in vitro cytotoxic selectivity on human prostate cancer cell line was investigated to determine if the compound is an artifact produced overtime on plant storage or is characteristic of plant genotype. The chemical composition of samples from São Carlos (São Paulo, Brazil) and Ponto Chique (Minas Gerais, Brazil) were monitored monthly during one year for geranylgeraniol, 6α-acetoxy-7α-hydroxy-vouacapan, 6α-hydroxy- 7α-acetoxy-vouacapan-17α-oate methyl ester and 6α-acetoxy-7α-hydroxy-vouacapan-17α-oate methyl ester. In vitro cytotoxicity screening against human prostate cancer cell line, evaluating total growth inhibition parameter (TGI) displayed higher selectivity and potent anticancer activity with TGI 11.43 μg mL-1 when higher 6α-acetoxy- 7α-hydroxy-vouacapan over total voaucapan ratio (3.14) was achieved. Nevertheless, 6α-acetoxy-7α-hydroxyvouacapan maintained approximately the same content throughout the year among the samples in opposition to overall voaucapan content. Samples from São Carlos at time zero had 26% geranylgeraniol content whereas Minas Gerais samples contained the highest content of 1.3%. Throughout the stability test geranylgeraniol concentration decreased with a straight relationship of overall increase of vouacapan content. The chemical variability data was evaluated using the statistical procedure based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine which of the extract’s components had a real impact on the in vitro antiproliferative activity. Data presented herein did not suggest that 6α-acetoxy-7α-hydroxy-vouacapan is produced as artifact overtime in storage. Further studies are needed to establish other markers involved with therapeutic activity to provide consistency of the development of products with quality, efficiency, and safety.